Mongolia
Mongolian National Council for Education Accreditation (MNCEA)
#401, Teacher’s development palace,
Peace Avenue 10, Sukhbaatar District,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 14191
Phone Number: (+976) 70109391
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.mncea.edu.mn
Ministry of Education and Science Mongolia
14200 Baga toiruu 44,
Government building-3,
Sukhbaatar district,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Phone Number: (+976) 51 – 262227
E-mail:[email protected]
Website: www.en.meds.gov.mn
Education
In this page, you can see the overall information regarding Mongolian Education system.
The Mongolian education system was imported from Soviet in 1940, which started from the founding of the National University of Mongolia in 1942 and Mongolian National Defense University in 1921. At this time Soviet used the Russian traditional education system which is not divided into undergraduate and graduate degrees. This model of university has a single-stage which usually takes five to six-year duration, resulting in a specialist diploma. This diploma was equal to MSc/MA degrees in Western. Scientists and researchers analyzed Russian education system made by many models including the Humboldt, Napoleon and many other foreign systems. At this time Mongolian higher education system was the same as Soviet. All universities of Mongolia have a four to five years program until 1990. In 1990 the Mongolian Education system was changed to the Anglo American model and it changed to the Bologna model from the early 2000s. In 2007 the Minister of Education, Culture, and Science of Mongolia resolved Order No 405 about the secondary education system for 12 years. By this order first graduation with 12th grade in the spring of 2015 successfully. Since then, Mongolia has officially used the Bologna model from the Anglo American model. In 2004, the Government of Mongolia implemented a change from a 10-year school system to an 11-year school system. Instead of starting school at the age of eight, students began school at seven. The 11-year education system consisted of five years of primary education, four years of lower secondary education, and two years of upper secondary education. From the 2008/2009 school year, the Mongolian Parliament again made an amendment to the Education Law, changing the 11-year school system to a 12-year school system. This transition will be complete by 2016. Students enter the 1st grade of secondary school at their 6-year-old. By the system students usually graduate from their secondary school at their 18-year-old. Students have a chance to make the decision to continue to study at the upper secondary education of Technical and Vocational Education after their lower secondary education’ graduation.
According to the Higher Education Law, the higher education degree is structured hierarchically in four successive levels; diploma (somewhat equal to US associate degree), bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate. Higher Education Law states that higher education programs can be delivered in various modes; day-time (somewhat equivalent to full-time in other countries), evening, correspondence and extramural forms. The full-time and evening training will be based on the course schedule but both have the same requirements to attend classes on campus and accumulate the same number of credit hours. The correspondence courses are designed for employed people, who can come to campus 1-2 times in a year and study according to the agreed schedule. In this case, the work experience can be counted for the credit. The extramural courses are designed for the gifted students and based on the individual schedule. At the moment, there is no part-time student status though the courses are based on the credit hour system. However, the cohort system still exists and students do not practice to choose courses and lecturers according to their needs and interests.
Mongolian higher education system follows the Bologna process. And Mongolian higher education’s credit system is nearly as close as American credit system.
- Bachelor students must study at least 120 credits (3-5 years)
- Masters students must study at least 30 credits (1-2 years)
- Doctoral students must study at least 60 credits (3< years)
Under the Mongolian Constitution, the government must provide a 12-year free general education. At the end of their 12th year, students are required to take the General Entrance Exam if they wish to enter a university. While students choose their exams depending on the area of study of their choice, since 2013, it has become mandatory for every student to take the Mongolian language exam. The maximum score of this exam is 800, and MECSS approves the minimum score to enter the HEI’s by Public universities and Private universities. For example, In 2019 MECSS approved minimum scores to enter the public universities to 480 scores of 800, to enter the private universities to 410 of 800 scores and the score to enter HEI’s which is located in rural areas is 400. After that each HEI makes the application procedure each year by approval of MECSS. This exam score is the permission to enter Mongolian HEI’s and students who take the exam successfully can take scholarships by HEI’s and MECSS.
The Government of Mongolia has approved Order No 70 about “Special needs fields of Mongolia in 2020”. One step of this approval is from 2020, the Government of Mongolia covers tuition fees of students who entered the Bachelor program in “Nurse” Mongolian National University of Medical Science. And the Government of Mongolia covers the tuition fee of students who entered the university for “Teacher” bachelor’s program with more than 750 scores of the exam.
Mongolia has a unitary higher education system. In Mongolia where the high school diploma and result of the General exam required access to all HEI’s. Mongolia has no difference in universities on their course difference yet. Which means Mongolia doesn’t have different university purposes of academic or professional universities. In 2013 Mongolia decided to build a research university, based on Hefei’s statement. This work will be a fundamental thing to build a research university. And the Government of Mongolia has ordered the project to build a research university in 2016-2020. The purpose of this project is to start to build a research university by improving academic research of the universities. The Government of Mongolia is looking for the final result of this training will be the development of Mongolian 4 National universities academic the university will enter the best 200th universities of Asia. That project is ordered by the Resolution No 282 of the Government of Mongolia, in 2018.
Mongolian higher education system has moved to the Bologna model from the early 2000s. HEI’s in Mongolia is awards bachelor’s degree (D diploma) by more than 120 credits (American credit system, duration: 4 years), master’s degree (E diploma) by more than 30 credits and doctoral degree by 60 credits which divided to 30 credits by lessons, 24 credits by dissertation and 6 credits by teaching seminars supervision by the professor. That procedure was ordered by the A/370 order of the Minister of the MECSS in 2014.
The Mongolian credit system is modeled by the American credit system. Mongolian University of Science and Technology has moved the credit system from 2015, first. The American credit system is converting to the ECTS European credit system by double which means multiply by 2. Mongolian bachelor’s 120 credits are equal to 240 ECTS credits. But we don’t have any legal documents about credit calculation.
Implemented these activities regarding NQF
- Millennium challenge corporation NQF mongolia project – 2011
- Support to Mongolia`s Technical and Vocational Education and Training Sector /European Union/ – 2014
- ADB- higher education reform project – 2015
- 10 level NQF
- 8/10 level NQF
Final Mongolia’s NQF
Things to do Mongolian NQF:
- The Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, and Sports and Ministry of Labour and Social Protection should assess and review the draft of Mongolian NQF and approve it.
- In order to implement Mongolian NQF, the working group which includes representatives from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, and Sports and Ministry of Labour and Social Protection set up. Then the working group makes the action plan and budget to Government expenses.
- Need to make Reference Report which is a main document for NQF
National Information Centre (NIC) Information and Activities
Higher Education Institutions (HEI) Landscape and Mobility
These quality control activities are a combination of actions and measures taken regularly by the Government to assure the quality of higher education provision with an emphasis on the assurance that a prescribed threshold of quality is met. The scope of quality assurance is determined by the shape and size of the higher education system. In Mongolian system, which is generally centrist in nature, a governmental process of quality assurance is centralized. The national quality assurance functions are typically tied to the state central administrative organizations and implementing agencies. Although the accreditation body (Mongolian National Council for Education Accreditation (MNCEA) claims some level of independence/autonomy from government (is not financed by the Government) it has not yet ensured the independence of the quality assurance process from a legacy of centrist decision–making. To determine the level of independence/autonomy from the government decision-making would need closer scrutiny than this study. 47 In perspective, there is a need for changing perceptions of quality assurance by academia as a short-term goal to pass attestation or accreditation in order to receive grants and funds from the state. HEIs should see a broader picture and go beyond assessing only today’s situation and make every effort to cope with the changes and developments of the systems emerging not only in the country, but in the international arena.
Internal quality assurance, in other words, intra-institutional practices in view of monitoring and improving the quality of higher education has taken roots since the mechanisms of education accreditation were established. In Mongolia, it mostly refers to self-evaluation or internal evaluations conducted by HEIs for attestation and accreditation. Self-evaluation/ Internal evaluation is an academic quality assurance process by which each HEI regularly reviews its annual standards to ensure that its teaching-learning objectives are fulfilled (MNCEA, 2007). The process of self‐evaluation consists of the systematic collection of administrative data, the questioning of students and graduates, and the self-assessment reports of lecturers, resulting in a self‐ study report. Thus, self-evaluation is a collective activity, conducted by self-evaluation teams or quality/monitoring, evaluation and research units established in some HEIs to provide a database on continuous quality enhancement. The resulting report further serves to provide information for the review team in charge of the external evaluation. In 2007, MNCEA made amendments in the “Preliminary requirements for the accreditation of HEIs and vocational education and training institutions” (Requirement 7) and the “Criteria for institutional accreditation” in regard with strengthening of internal quality control and establishment of quality management mechanisms at HEIs in order to systemize and foster continuous quality improvement. Following these directives, some large universities (University of the Humanities, the School of Economics of the National University of Mongolia, the School of Computer Technology and Management of the Mongolian University of Science and Technology) initiated internal quality assurance activities, conducting self-assessments against the criteria and performance indicators of respective international quality assurance and accreditation organizations (ENQA, CEA, ACBSP etc). The Institute of Finance and Economics has become a member of Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), a reputable North American accreditation agency, and has gained a candidacy status for an international accreditation.
List of accredited HEIs
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List of accredited programs
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List of accredited programs by international agencies
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We are developing it.
We are developing it.